X'viVern'aut^ 

thoroughly  revised  edition  of  “TKe  Church  and  a Warless  World” 


'7 


r. 


WORKING  TOWARD 
A WARLESS  WORLD 


NEXT  STEPS 

1.  A Sweeping  Reduction  of  Armies  and  Navies  by  all  nations. 

2.  A Christian  Solution  of  Far  Eastern  Problems. 

3.  General  Commitments  to  submit  every  International  Difficulty 
for  Pacific  Settlement. 

4.  International  Law,  Courts  of  Justice  and  Boards  of  Arbitration. 


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Seod  the  following  message,  subject  to  the  tern-.s 
on  back  hereof,  which  are  hereby  agreed  to 


IJbvember  13,  1921 


Honorable  Charles  E Hughes  Secretary 
Conference  on  Limitation  of  Armament 
Washington  I)  C 

THE  JEDERAL  COUKCIL  OF  THE  CffJRCHES  OP  CHRIST  IH  AJEPICA  REPRE- 
SEirrlHG  ITS  COISTITUElIT  BODIES  WITH  A IJEKBERSHIP  OF  TWENTY  MILLIONS 
EXPRESSES  HEARTY  ENDORSEMENT  0 F THE  NOBLY  CONSTRUCTIVE  PROGRAM  PRO- 
POSED BY  THE  AMERICAN  DELEGATION  FOR  A REAL  REDUCTION  OF  AR1IAI.ENT3 
WITH  GRATITUDE  TO  GOD  FOR  THE  VISION  TEAT  HAS  LED  YOU  AND  FOR  THE 
COURAGE  WITH  WHICH  YOU  H.1VB  DARED  TO  FOLLOW  IT  Vffi  ON  THEIR  BEHALF 
PLEDGE  OUR  PRAYER  AND  OUR  LOY/i  SUPPORT' FDR  THE  REALIZATION  OF  THIS 
VISION 

Conimiss  ion*on  International  Justice  and  Goodivill 
Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 


Issued  by 

The  Commission  on  International  Justice  and  Good-will 

OF 

The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 


105  East  22nd  Street,  New  York  City 


CONSTITUENT  BODIES  OF  THE 


Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America 


Baptist  Churches,  North 
National  Baptist  Convention 
Free  Baptist  Churches 
Christian  Church 
Christian  Reformed  Church 
in  North  America 
Churches  of  God  in  N.  A. 

(General  Eldership) 
Congregational  Churches 
Disciples  of  Christ 
Friends 

Evangelical  Synod  of  N.  A. 


Evangeliccd  Association 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church,  South 
African  M.  E.  Church 
African  M.  E.  Zion  Church 
Colored  M.  E.  Church  in  America 
Methodist  Protestant  Church 
Moravian  Church 

Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  A. 
Presbyterian  Church  in  the  U.  S.  (South) 
Primitive  Methodist  Church 


Protestant  Episcopal  Commissions  on 
Christian  Unity  and  Social  Service 
Reformed  Church  in  America 
Reformed  Church  in  the  U.  S. 
Reformed  Episcopal  Church 
Reformed  Presbyterian  Church, 

General  Synod 

Seventh  Day  Baptist  Churches 
United  Brethren  Church 
United  Evzuigelical  Church 
United  Presbyterian  Church 


A Second  Call  to  150,000  Churches 

in  America 

UBLIC  SENTIMENT,  so  largely  created  and  led  by  the  Churches,  has  made  possible  the 
bold  and  noble  proposals  of  Secretary  Hughes  for  sweeping  reduction  of  armaments.  But 
proposals  must  not  be  mistaken  for  achievements.  Whole  areas  of  discussion,  moreover,  and 
many  practical  and  very  difficult  problems  are  yet  to  be  faced. 

Danger  of  reaction  is  apparent.  The  Churches  must  not  be  misled  into  apathy  or  in- 
difference. The  same  public  sentiment,  led  by  the  Churches,  which  made  possible  the 
hopeful  beginning,  must  be  maintained  to  the  very  end. 

The  Conference  is  still  dependent  on  the  right  spirit  and  atmosphere.  This  can  only  be  created  by  the 
people.  The  Churches  and  the  pastors  must  continue  to  watch  and  pray.  It  is  explicitly  recognized  that  the 
public  sentiment  has  been  largely  created  by  the  Churches.  The  Washington  Conference  will  continue  many 
weeks.  Our  campaign  must  continue  until  “war  is  outlawed,”  and  the  whole  war-system  is  abolished  by  the 
firm  establishment  of  an  effective  peace-system. 

Representatives  of  the  Federal  Council  in  Washington  are  keeping  in  close  touch  with  the  situation  there. 
The  Council  is  also  in  constant  communication,  both  by  letter  and  by  cable,  with  the  church  bodies  of  the 
other  nations  in  order  that  this  sweeping  expression  of  public  sentiment  may  be  international,  and  may  come 
in  upon  the  Conference  from  the  peoples  of  all  nations  concerned. 


THE  FEDERAL  COUNCIL  NOW  URGES  THE  CHURCHES: 

1.  To  promote  the  earnest  study  in  every  church  of  international  questions  by  adult  and  young  people’s 
study  groups  and  in  prayer  meetings.  At  the  close  of  the  courses  suggested  it  would  be  helpful  if  each  group 
would  write  to  the  appropriate  Senators  and  Representatives  in  the  House,  expressing  the  conclusions  to  which 
it  has  been  led. 

2.  To  continue  in  every  Sunday  service  and  on  every  other  possible  opportunity  to  pray  for  the  success 
of  the  Conference  and  to  educate  the  people  on  the  Christian  principles  involved  in  establishing  and  maintaining 
right  international  relations. 

3.  To  hold  public  meetings  in  every  city,  unitedly  wherever  possible,  some  time  in  November 
or  December,  in  behalf  of  America’s  courageous  proposal  to  the  nations. 

4.  To  emphasize  afresh  in  the  services  at  Thanksgiving  and  Christmas  time  the  Christian  belief  in  a 
warless  world  and  in  an  immediate  and  sweeping  reduction  of  armament  as  an  imperative  step  toward  the 
ultimate  goal. 

5.  To  study  carefully  the  Federal  Council’s  new  pamphlet  on  the  Problems  in  the  Pacific  and  Far  East. 

6.  To  organize  in  each  of  the  larger  cities  a Committee  on  International  Justice  and  Good-will,  repre- 
senting all  the  churches,  for  vigorous  and  continuous  cooperation  in  the  long  and  serious  campaign  for  a world- 
order  that  is  Christian  in  principle. 

7.  To  keep  in  touch  with  the  Commission  on  International  Justice  and  Good-will  of  the  Federal  Coun- 
cil of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  in  order  that  the  many  regiments  and  armies  of  the  church  may  keep 
step  and  may  march  together  In  their  war  to  end  war. 


2 


An  Appeal  to  All  Lovers  of  Humanity 

Issued  by  the  Heads  of  Many  Churches,  m Cooperation  with  the  Federal  Council. 


O momentous  are  the  issues  of  the  coming  Conference  on  Limitation  of  Armament  and  so 
fateful  for  all  the  higher  interests  of  mankind  that  we  unite  in  this  joint  statement  to  express 

to  our  own  nation  and  the  world  what  we  feel  to  be  the  deep  convictions  of  the  Churches. 

We  have  come  to  a fork  in  the  highway  of  human  history.  To  the  left  lies  the  old 
way  of  suspicion,  jealousy,  and  selfishness.  To  the  right,  the  way  of  mutual  trust,  co- 
operation, and  brotherhood.  The  first  road  requires  growing  armaments  and  leads  to  the 
horrors  of  another  war.  The  second  requires  agencies  of  international  law  and  justice 
and  leads  to  a warless  world. 

The  Conference  is  to  deal  with  difficult  and  complex  problems  of  politics  and  economics.  But  under- 
lying them  all  are  eternal  moral  principles  of  international  life.  We  firmly  believe  that  nations  no  less  than 
individuals  are  subject  to  God’s  immutable  moral  laws;  that  only  through  just  dealing  and  unselfish  service 
can  people  achieve  true  welfare,  greatness  and  honor;  that  for  nations  as  well  as  individuals,  good-will  and 
mutual  helpfulness  are  the  true  way  of  life.  No  considerations  of  political  expediency  or  of  selfish  economic 

advantage  can  supersede  these  basic  principles  without  bringing  ultimate  disaster  and  ruin  in  their  train. 

In  the  light  of  these  principles  at  least  four  clear  tasks  seem  to  us  to  lie  before  our  nation  and  the  nations 
of  the  world: 

Some  rational  and  pacific  method  for  the  settlement  of  every  international  dispute  must  now  be  found. 
War  we  regard  as  an  intolerable  evil  which  we  can  no  longer  endure,  and  which  we  must  definitely  set  our- 
selves to  banish  from  the  earth. 

A sweeping  reduction  of  armaments  we  hold  to  be  an  imperative  necessity.  The  present  riot  of  ex- 
penditure on  armies  and  battleships  throughout  the  world,  at  a time  when  all  our  resources  are  needed  for 

constructive  tasks,  even  at  a time  when  millions  of  men  are  dying  of  starvation,  we  regard  as  a sin  against 
humanity  for  which  we  all  alike  need  humbly  to  repent.  Worse  still,  competitive  armaments  will  lead  again,  as 
in  the  past  they  always  have,  to  the  distrust  and  suspicion  that  nourish  the  seeds  of  future  war. 

For  the  perplexing  problems  of  the  Pacific  acceptable  solutions  must  now  be  found.  If  causes  of  irri- 

tation be  not  removed,  if  jealousy  and  fear  be  allowed  to  spread  till  they  lead  at  last  to  conflict  in  arms,  it  would 
mean  not  only  all  the  unspeakable  evils  of  every  war,  but  also  the  death  knell  of  the  great  enterprise  of  Chris- 
tian missions  which  through  years  of  patient  and  unselfish  service  have  been  breaking  down  barriers  between 
race  and  race  and  ministering  to  international  brotherhood. 

More  than  all  else,  there  is  need  for  a new  spirit  in  our  international  life.  Penitence  there  must  be, 
first  of  all,  for  our  own  past  sin  in  thinking  too  much  of  our  own  rights  and  others’  duties,  too  little  of  our  own 
duties  and  others’  rights.  We  must  learn  to  think  of  our  nation  not  as  an  end  in  itself,  but  as  a member  of  a 
family  of  nations  under  a common  Father.  All  unneighborly  attitudes  toward  other  peoples,  all  prejudice 
against  other  races,  must  be  put  away.  Our  hearts  must  be  open  to  the  incoming  of  the  divine  spirit  of  love 
which  alone  can  bring  lasting  peace  to  a world,  torn  by  war  and  staggering  under  the  colossal  burden  of  un- 
necessary armaments. 

We  bespeak  the  active  cooperation  in  mind  and  heart  and  will  of  all  lovers  of  humanity  in  the  achieve- 
ment of  these  great  ends. 


Mrs.  Helen  B.  Montgomery 

President  Northern  Baptist  Con- 
vention 

Rev.  E.  C.  Morris 

President  National  Baptist  Con- 
vention 

President  Joseph  W.  Mauck 

President  General  Conference  of 
Free  Baptists 

Rev.  Frank  G.  Coffin 

President  Anterican  Christian  Con- 
vention 

Rev.  William  E.  Barton 

Moderator  Natior^al  Council  of 
Congregational  Churches. 

Rev.  Stephen  E.  Fisher 

President  International  Conven- 
tion of  the  Disciples  of  Christ 

Dr.  Walter  C.  Woodward 

Genera!  Secretary  Five  Years’ 
Meeting  of  the  Society  of 
Frien  ds 

Rev.  John  Baltzer 

President  General  Evangelical 
Synod  of  North  America 


Rev.  Frederick  H.  Knubel 

President  United  Lutheran  Church 

Bishop  Luther  B.  Wilson 

General  Conference  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church 

Bishop  E.  R.  Hendrix 

Genera!  Conference  of  the  Meth- 
odist Episcopal  Church,  South 

Bishop  N.  C.  Cleaves 

Genera!  Conference  of  the  Colored 
Methodist  Episcopal  Church 

Rt.  Rev.  Charles  L.  Moench 

President  Provincial  Elders'  Con- 
ference of  the  Moravian  Church 

Rev.  Henry  C.  Swearingen 

Moderator  General  Assembly  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the 
C.  S.  A. 

Rev.  a.  B.  Curry 

Moderator  General  Assembly  of 
the  Presbyterian  Church  in  the 
V.  S. 

Rev.  Nathaniel  W.  Mathews 

President  General  Conference  of 
the  Primitive  Methodist  Church 


Bishop  George  C.  Clement 

General  Conference  of  the  Africa!) 
Meth.  Episcopal  Zion  Church 
Rt.  Rev.  Thomas  F.  Gailcr 

President  Presiding  Bishop  n))d 
Council  General  Convention 
of  the  Protestant  Episcopal 
Ch  urch 

Rev.  Thomas  H.  Mackenzie 

President  General  Synod  of  the 
Reformed  Church  in  America 
Rev.  George  W.  Richards 

Pres'dent  Genera!  Synod  of  the 
Reformed  Church  in  the  U.  S. 
Bishop  Samuel  Fallows 

President  Genera!  Council  of  the 
Reformed  Episcopal  Church 
Rev.  M.  Warden  Davis 

President  General  Conference  of 
the  Seventh  Day  Baptist 
Churches 

Bishop  William  M.  Bell 

Secretary  General  Conference  of 
the  Church  of  the  United 
Brethren  in  Christ 
Rev.  a.  F.  Kirkpatrick 

Moderator  General  Assembly  of  the 
United  Presbyterian  Church 


3 


At  the  First  Session  of  the 
Conference  on  Limitation  of  Armament 

Saturday,  November  12,  1921 


President  Harding 

“Here  is  a meeting,  I can  well  believe,  which 
is  an  earnest  of  the  awakened  conscience  of 
twentieth  century  civilization.  It  is  not  a con- 
vention of  remorse,  nor  a session  of  sorrow.  It 
is  not  the  conference  of  victors,- to  define  terms 
of  settlement.  Nor  is  it  a council  of  nations 
seeking  to  remake  mankind.  It  is  rather  a com- 
ing together  from  all  parts  of  the  earth  to  ap- 
ply the  better  attributes  of  mankind  to  minimize 
the  faults  in  our  international  relationships.” 

“It  is  easy  to  understand  this  world-wide  as- 
piration. The  glory  of  triumph,  the  re- 
joicing in  achievement,  the  love  of  liberty,  the 
devotion  to  country,  the  pangs  of  sorrow,  the 
burdens  of  debt,  the  desolation  of  ruin — all 
these  are  appraised  alike  in  all  lands.” 

“A  world  staggering  with  debt  needs  its  bur- 
den lifted.  Humanity  which  has  been  shocked 
by  wanton  destruction  would  minimize  the 
agencies  of  that  destruction.  Contemplating 
the  measureless  cost  of  war  and  the  continuing 
burden  of  armament,  all  thoughtful  peoples 
wish  for  real  limitation  of  armament  and  would 
like  war  outlawed.” 

“Gentlemen  of  the  conference,  the  United 
States  welcomes  you  witli  unselfish  hands.  We 
harbor  no  fears ; we  have  no  sordid  ends  to 
serve  ; we  suspect  no  enemy  ; we  contemplate  or 
apprehend  no  conquest.  Content  with  what  we 
have,  we  seek  nothing  which  is  another’s.  We 
only  wish  to  do  with  3’ou  that  finer,  nobler 
thing  which  no  nation  can  do  alone.” 

“The  world  never  before  was  so  tragically 
brought  to  realization  of  the  utter  futility  of 
passion’s  sway  when  reason  and  conscience  and 
fellowship  point  a nobler  wajN 

“We  are  met  for  a service  to  mankind.  In  all 
simplicity,  in  all  honesty  and  all  honor,  there 
may  be  written  here  the  avowals  of  a world 
conscience  refined  by  the  consuming  fires  of 
war,  and  made  more  sensitive  by  the  anxious 
aftermath.  I hope  for  that  understanding 
which  will  emphasize  the  guarantees  of  peace 
and  for  commitments  to  less  burdens  and  a bet- 
ter order  which  will  tranquillize  the  world.  In 
such  an  accomplishment  there  will  be  added 
glory  to  your  flags  and  ours,  and  the  rejoicing 
of  mankind  will  make  the  transcending  music 
of  all  succeeding  time.” 


Secretary  Hughes 

“The  world  looks  to  this  conference  to  re- 
lieve humanity  of  the  crushing  burden  created 
by  competition  in  armament,  and  it  is  the  view 
of  the  American  Government  that  we  should 
meet  that  expectation  without  any  unnecessar}’ 
delay.  It  is  therefore  proposed  that  the  con- 
ference should  proceed  at  once  to  consider  the 
question  of  the  limitation  of  armament.” 

“In  proportion  as  the  armaments  of  each 
power  increase,  so  do  they  less  and  less  fulfill 
the  object  which  the  Governments  have  set  be- 
fore themselves.  The  economic  crises,  due  in 
great  part  to  the  system  of  armaments  a I’out- 
rance  and  the  continual  danger  which  lies  in 
this  massing  of  war  material,  are  transforming 
the  armed  peace  of  our  days  into  a crushing 
burden,  which  the  peoples  have  more  and  more 
difficulty  in  bearing.  It’ appears  evident,  then, 
that  if  this  state  of  things  were  prolonged  it 
would  inevitably  lead  to  the  calamity  which  it 
is  desired  to  avert,  and  the  horrors  of  which 
make  every  thinking  man  shudder  in  advance. 
To  put  an  end  to  these  incessant  armaments 
and  to  seek  the  means  of  warding  off  the  cala- 
mities which  are  threatening  the  whole  world — 
such  is  the  supreme  duty  which  is  today  imposed 
on  all  States.” 

“But  if  we  are  warned  by  the  inadequacy  of 
earlier  endeavors  for  limitation  of  arma- 
ment, we  cannot  fail  to  recognize  the  extraor- 
dinary opportunity  now  presented.” 

“The  astonishing  ambition  which  lay  athwart 
the  promise  of  the  second  Hague  conference 
(1907)  no  longer  menaces  the  world,  and  the 
great  opportunity  of  liberty-loving  and  peace- 
preserving democracies  has  come.” 

“Competition  will  not  be  remedied  by  resolves 
with  respect  to  the  method  of  its  continuance. 
One  program  inevitably  leads  to  another,  and, 
if  competition  continues,  its  regulation  is  im- 
practicable. There  is  only  one  adequate  way 
out,  and  that  is  to  end  it  now.” 

“It  is  proposed  that  for  a period  of  not  less 
than  ten  years  there  should  be  no  further  con- 
struction of  capital  ships,  and  that  further  re- 
duction should  be  made  through  the  scrapping 
of  certain  of  the  older  ships.” 

(For  details  of  the  proposal,  see  page  7.) 


The  Staggering  Burdens  of  a Warring  World 


Tlie  Nations  are  reeling  and  staggering  to- 
day under  their  terrible  burdens.  They  squan- 
dered their  incomes  in  “adequate  preparedness” 
before  1914,  each  nation  assurqd  by  its  leaders 
that  full  preparedness  would  save  them  from 
the  greater  expenses  and  tragedy  of  war. 

They  little  realized  that  the  huge  and  costly 
armaments  of  the  leading  nations  was  itself 
one  of  the  compelling  reasons  why  they  were 
plunged  into  war.  Big  preparedness  proves  to 
be  not  “insurance”  against  war,  but  for  it. 


The  losses  they  have  suffered,  the  pain  and 
sorrow  they  have  endured,  the  inconceivable 
debts  they  have  incurred — frightful  handicaps 
for  future  generations, — the  continued  neces- 
sity of  maintaining  armaments  even  larger  and 
more  costly  than  before,  the  loss  of  workers, 
the  collapse  of  industry  and  commerce,  the 
dissatisfaction  of  large  classes  causing  serious 
social  and  political  disorder,  the-  moral  disaster 
of  deepened  enmity,  suspicion  and  fear — these 
are  the  crushing  burdens  under  which  the 
nations  are  staggering. 


Significant  Declarations 

“If  the  clergymen  of  the  United  States  want  to  secure  a limitation  of  armaments,  they  can  do  it  now 
without  further  waste  of  time.  . . . The  responsibility  is  entirely  on  the  professing  Christians  of  the 
United  States.  If  another  war  like  the  last  one  should  come,  they  will  be  responsible  for  every  drop  of  blood 
that  will  be  shed  and  for  every  dollar  wastefully  expended.” — GENERAL  TaskER  H.  BlISS. 

“There  is  no  more  inconceivable  folly  than  this  continued  not  of  expenditure  on  battleships  at  a time 
when  great  masses  of  humanity  are  dying  of  starvation.” — HERBERT  HooVER. 

“I  went  into  the  British  army  believing  that  if  you  want  peace  you  must  prepare  for  war.  I believe  now 
that  if  you  prepare  for  war  you  will  get  war.” — GENERAL  F.  B.  MauRICE. 

“The  lessons  of  the  last  six  months  should  be  enough  to  convince  everybody  of  the  danger  of  nations 
striding  up  and  down  the  earth  armed  to  the  teeth.  . . . Unless  some  such  move  is  made  (reduction  of 
armaments)  we  may  well  ask  ourselves'  . . . whether  we  are  doomed  to  go  headlong  down  through  de- 

structive war  and  darkness  into  barbarism.” — GENERAL  JoHN  J.  PershING. 

“Something  should  be  done  as  soon  as  possible  to  check  the  growth  of  armaments,  especially  naval  arma- 
ments.”— Theodore  Roosevelt.' 

“If  we  do  not  destroy  v. ar,  war  will  destroy  us.” — LoRD  BrycE. 

“Competition  in  armaments  means  the  wreck  of  civilization  throughouf  the  world.” — GILBERT  MURRAY. 

“The  piling  up  of  armaments  is  causing  general  bankruptcy,  anarchy  and  perpetual  and  universal  war. 
If  governments  do  not  agree  simultaneously  to  limit  armaments,  they  commit  suicide.” 

— Baron  d’Estournelles  de  Constant. 

“The  real  power  back  of  this  Conference  is  public  sentiment.  That  public  sentiment  is  definite,  con- 
centrated and  effective  for  peace  in  proportion  as  it  is  charged  with  the  spirit  of  the  Prince  of  Peace.” 

— Duluth  Herald. 


5 


The  Church  and  a Warless  World 

{Suggested  topics  for  Sunday  serviees  or  mid-week  meetings) 


THE  VISION  OF  A WARLESS  WORLD 

Isa.  2:24;  Isa.  Zach.  9:9-10. 

(Suggestive  note:  In  the  first  passage  Isaiah  not  only 

ileserihes  the  goal  of  a warless  world,  but  also  the  essen- 
tial steps  to  its  achievement.) 

1 . “He  will  teach  u.s  of  His  Ways” — God’s  im- 
mutable moral  laAvs  of  justice,  righteousness, 
truth,  brotherhood  and  service. 

2.  “We  will  walk  in  His  paths” — man’s  deter- 
mined will  to  obey  and  practice  those  laws, 
repudiating  the  politics  of  force. 

3.  “He  will  judge  between  the  peoples” — the 
])acific  settlement  under  the  Divine  Rule  of 
all  international  disputes. 

Rksut-ts 

-i.  “They  shall  beat  their  swords  into  plow- 
shares”— “Neither  shall  they  learn  war  any 
more” — disarmament,  transformation  of  in- 
struments of ’destructive  warfare  into  tools 
of  productive  industry. 

V 

THE  STAGGERING  BURDENS  OF  A 
WARRING  WORLD 

.Toel  .T:  9-15— 2:1-6. 

1.  The  Economic  Cost. 

2.  The  Cost  in  Race  Degeneration. 

3.  The  Social  Cost. 

■i.  Tlie  (Moral  and  Religious  Cost. 


CAUSES  OF  THE  BIG  ARMAMENTS 
OF  THE  WARRING  WORLD 

James  3:1.3 — 4:2. 

1.  Economic  Causes. 

2.  Political  Causes. 

3.  Psychological  Causes. 

4.  Moral  Causes. 

V 

PROBLEMS  BEFORE  THE  CONFERENCE 
ON  LIMITATION  OF  ARMAMENT 

Prov.  1:1-, 3,  7-9,  24-31;  6:16-19;  15:1-4. 

1.  Problems  of  National  Security. 

2.  Problems  of  International  Justice. 

3.  Special  Problems  of  the  Pacific. 

V 

THE  DISTINCTIVE  CONTRIBUTION  OF 
THE  CHURCH  IN  ESTABLISHING 
A WARLESS  WORLD 

Micah  6:6-8;  Matt.  5:38-48. 

1.  The  Contribution  of  non-Religious  Groups 
and  Specialists. 

2.  The  Moral  and  Religious  Contribution  of 
the  Church. 

3.  Some  Searching  Questions  as  to  Our  Atti- 
tude. 

V 

THE  GREAT  DECISION  TO  ACHIEVE 
A WARLESS  WORLD 

Josh.  24:14-15;  Matt.  4:1-11. 

1.  The  Alluring  Temptation  of  Militarism. 

2.  The  Choice  of  a Master. 

3.  Dedication  to  the  Achievement  of  a Warless 
World. 


“A  good  deal  more  than  diplomacy  is  needed  to  bring  peace  to  pass.  Probably 
not  since  the  beginning  of  the  Christian  era  has  there  been  a more  moving  call  to  the 
Christian  church.  Does  it  believe  in  the  possibility  of  the  fulfillment  of  the  angelic 
prophecy  of  ‘peace  on  earth’;  or  is  the  church  itself  infected  with  the  foul  disease  of 
cynicism  and  ‘practicability’?” — Indianapolis  News. 


6 


STARTLING  STATISTICS 


The  Cost  of  the  Great  War 

Direct  cost  not  counting  interest $186,000,000,000.00 

All  costs,  direct  and  indirect,  including 
loss  of  shipping,  damaged  property, 

loss  of  production,  etc $35.5.201,710,815.00 

Cost  of  all  wars,  1703-1010 $23,000,000,000.00 

(“The  Staggering  Burden  of  Armaments,”  p.  213.) 


V 

Loss  of  Life 


Killed  in  Battle  ..10,658,000 

Increased  death  rate  30,470,000 

Decreased  birth  rate  40,500,000 


Total  80,628,000 

(“The  Staggering  Burden  of  Armaments,”  p.  213.) 

V 

National  Debts 

United  States  of  1913  1920 


America  $1,028,000,000.00  $24,074,000,000.00 

Great  Britain 3,485,000,000.00  30,314,000,000.00 

France  6,346,000,000.00  46,025,000,000.00 


(“The  Next  War,”  p.  85.) 


United  States  Expenditures,  1920 

(Not  including  Loans  to  Europe) 

I.  Past  Wars  $2,890,000,000.00 — 63.1  per  cent 


II.  Future  Wars  ..... 
Past  and  Future 
Wars  

III.  Civil  Departments.  . 
IV.  Public  Works 

V.  Research,  public 
health,  education 
and  development . . . 


1,348,000,000.00 — 29.4  per  cent 

02.5  per  cent 

220,000,000.00 — 4.8  per  cent 

05.000. 000.00 — 1.4  per  cent 

50.000. 000.00 — 1.3  per  cent 


Total $4,582,000,000.00 

(“The  Next  War,”  p.  07.  ) 

The  average  tax  paid  to  tlie  Federal  Govern- 
ment in  1920  by  each  person  was  ,$53.4*6.  For 
what  Avas  it  spent 

(E.  B.  Rosa  Pub.  No.  1518,  p.  9.) 


America’s  Navy  Reduction  Proposal 


Capital  Ships  Only 


Great  Britain 


United  States 


Japan 


Tonnage 
Rresent  and 
IVospective 


Ibnnage 
to  be 
Scra{>|>ed 


Ibntiage 
to  be 
Retained 


Response  of  the  Nations  to  the  American  Proposal 

David  Lloyd  George  : 

“Nothing  could  augur  better  for  the  ultimate  success  of  the  Conference.” 

Arthur  J.  Balfour: 

“We  look  to  it  as  being  the  basis  of  the  greatest  reform  in  the  matter  of  arma- 
ment and  preparation  for  war  that  has  ever  been  conceived  or  carried  out  by  the 
courage  and  pati’iotism  of  statesmen.” 

Admiral  Barox  Kato  : 

“Gladly  accepting,  therefore,  the  proposal  in  principle,  Japan  is  ready  to  proceed 
with  determination  to  a sweeping  reduction  in  her  naval  armament.” 


7 


What  Has  Created  the  Big  Armaments 
of  a Warring  World? 


The  causes  direct  and  indirect  are  many  and 
intricate.  The^^  have  also  been  quite  natural. 
An  over  simple  analysis  does  not  tall}^  with  the 
facts.  To  establish  a warless  world  we  must 
face  the  facts  and  all  the  facts. 

It  is  not  enough  to  sa}"  to  the  nations — “be 
good.”  We  must  find  out  what  it  is  to  be  good 
in  this  modern  world  and  we  must  establish 
suitable  international  agencies,  so  that  we  can 
be  good.  We  must  do  mucli  hard-headed,  cool- 
hearted,  clear-minded  and  creative  thinking. 

First  of  all  we  must  not  indulge  in  indis- 
criminate condemnation.  We  must  indeed  con- 
demn the  whole  war-system  as  eternally  wrong, 
but  we  cannot  condemn  ever}’"  man  or  even 
evei'v  nation  tliat  has  fought.  Many  noble 
heroes  have  fallen  in  warfare.  Nations  have 
been  forced  to  fight  for  the  overthrow  of  vast 
international  crimes. 

The  principal  direct  and  indirect  causes  of 
big  armaments  are  the  following: 

1.  Science,  steam  and  electi’ic  power  and 
standardized  production  by  machinery,  have 
given  the  advanced  nations  extraordinary 
powers  of  expansion  and  aggression. 

2.  Creation  of  wealth  and  massing  of  capital, 
control  of  disease  and  increase  of  population, 
with  demand  for  more  food  and  for  abundant 
, raw  material,  have  caused  the  progressive 

nations  to  reach  out  long  arms  into  all  the 
world. 

3.  The  existence  of  many  absolutely  inde- 
pendent sovereign  governments,  each  responsible 
only  to  its  own  people  for  their  welfare,  has  led 
to  conscious  and  scheming  rivalry  and  the  adop- 
tion by  several  governments  of  the  policy  of 
economic  imperialism.  By  diplomacy,  intimida- 
tion and  intrigue  they  have  souglit  for  expan- 
sion of  commerce  and  for  the  political  control 
of  those  backward  geographical  areas  on  which 
they  were,  or  expected  to  be,  dependent  for  food 
and  raw  material. 

4.  Suspicion  and  fear  of  neighbors  have  led 
each  government  to  build  up  its  own  defensive 
system.  Tins  practice  antedates,  indeed, 
human  history.  But  it  has  reached  modern 
proportions  because  the  discoveries  of  science 
have  been  effectively  utilized. 

5.  The  massing  and  mobilizing  for  war  of  the 
entire  power  of  each  nation  has  become  pos- 
sible by  popular  education,  growing  nation- 


alism, increasing  political  centralization,  and 
growing  inter-relation  and  co-operation  of 
commerce,  industry  and  politics. 

6.  Acts  of  one  people  or  Govei'nment  with 
no  thought  or  intention  of  ill-will,  have  often 
brought  hai’in  to  neighbor  nations,  arousing 
feelings  and  acts  of  retaliation  growing  into 
settled  mutual  hostility. 

7.  The  modern  S3'stem  of  finance  has  enabled 
Governments  through  loans  and  credits  not  only 
to  utilize  to  the  full,  existing  wealth,  but  to 
discount  and  mortgage  their  futures  and  thus 
to  create  big  armaments  otherwise  impossible. 

8.  The  modern  system  of  treaties,  open  and 
secret,  have  produced  groups  of  “powers”  com- 
mitted to  assist  each  other  under  certain  con- 
tingencies, thus  increasing  fears  and  suspicions 
and  making  swollen  war  budgets  inevitable  in 
every  land. 

9.  Vast  private  manufacturing  enterprises, 
producing  munitions  and  other  materials  need- 
ed b}^  armies  and  navies  have  deliberately  culti- 
vated international  suspicions  and  fears  for 
purposes  of  private  gains. 

10.  A materialistic,  unchristian  philosophy, 
justifying  the  right  of  strong  peoples  to  take 
and  to  dominate  the  earth,  has  stimulated 
selfish  nationalistic  ambitions  and  rivalries. 
The  doctrines  that  mere  might  gives  right ; 
that  moral  laws  do  not  bind  nations ; that  the 
weak  must  go  to  the  wall ; that  victors  may 
ignore  the  needs  of  the  vanquished  and  may 
exploit  them  and  their  resources — these  in- 
human doctrines  of  materialism  have  led  to 
vast  national  crimes,  and  to  deep-seated  hatreds 
and  plans  for  revenge. 

11.  The  will  to  avert  the  fate  of  the  vanquish- 
ed, if  not  positively  to  win  the  prize  of  the 
victor,  has  been  a mighty  modern  cause  of 
super-armaments. 

12.  The  people  of  ever}^  land  and  age  hate 
war.  If  so,  why  have  wars  come?  Because 
they  have  usually  been  misinformed  by  the  rul- 
ing cliques.  The  real  and  full  facts  in  the  case 
are  seldom  told  them.  The  issues  are  more  or 
less  falsified  in  order  to  arouse  the  power  of  en- 
thusiastic patriotism.  Even  where  they  partly 
know  the  facts  they  ha’\  e no  adequate  machinery 
for  the  control  of  ambitious  or  scheming  poli- 
tical leaders.  And  they  are  today  ominously 
exposed  to  the  schemes  of  a sensational  press. 


8 


Problems  Before  the  Conference  on  Limitation 

of  Armaments 


If  we  are  to  have  a warless  world  the  nations 
must  adopt  policies  that  will  produce  world- 
wide feelings  of  mutual  confidence,  of  national 
security,  and  of  certainty  of  receiving  just 
international  treatment.  So  long  as  nations 
are  suspicious  and  afraid,  so  long  as  they  really 
feel  that  neighbors  are  potential  bullies  and 
possible  robbers  and  that  their  only  hope  of 
maintaining  safety,  of  receiving  due  considera- 
tion and  respect,  and  of  securing  justice,  lies  in 
their  own  right  arms,  there  is  little  chance 
for  a sweeping  reduction  of  armaments.  On  the 
contrary,  increasing  armaments,  increasing  in 
deadly  power  and  in  ruinous  cost,  will  be  in- 
evitable. So  long  as  international  security, 
consideration  and  justice  depend  on  national 
brute  force,  so  long  will  armaments  exist  and 
grow. 

What  then  are  the  major  problems  to  be' 
solved.? 

1.  Problems  of  Justice 

What  is  justice.?  How  can  it  be  judged.?  Is 
any  nation  really  competent  to  know  w'hat 
justice  requires  in  any  case  in  which  its  own 
interests  are  involved.?  Is  a plaintiff  competent 
to  act  as  both  jury  and  judge.? 

As  between  France  and  Germany,  for  in- 
stance, each  of  which  has  suffered  so  much 
from  the  other  during  the  past  two  centuries, 
is  either  country  able  to  judge  or  appreciate 
what  justice  requires.? 

Or  as  between  Japan  and  America,  is  either 
one  really  competent  by  itself  alone  to  know 
what  justice  requires.?  Do  not  special  inter- 
ests and  partial  knowledge  make  impartial  judg- 
ment practically  impossible.? 

The  problem  to  be  solved  here  is  the  creating 
of  suitable,  disinterested,  unprejudiced  and 
universally  trusted  agencies  to  study  the  facts, 
to  make  them  known  to  all  the  world,  to  render 
decisions  in  the  light  of  universally  accepted 
principles,  and  to  ensure  their  acceptance. 

2.  Problems  of  Security 

Whenever  a proposal  for  curtailment  of 
armament  is  made,  the  question  of  national 
security  at  once  arises — naturally  and  inevita- 
bly so — and  it  is  a question  that  it  would  be 
sheer  folly  to  ignore.  However  much  our  imagi- 
nations may  respond  to  the  dream  of  beating 
all  our  swords  into  plowshares,  we  have  to  face 
the  stern  realities  of  the  actual  world  in  which 


we  live.  Whatever  we  are  to  do,  we  must  pro- 
vide for  the  safety  of  our  country. 

This  much  of  fundamental  truth  there  is  in 
the  argument  of  those  w'ho  insist  on  a program 
of  so-called  “preparedness.”  But  is  it  true 
that  military  preparations  really  afford  this 
security.?  The  answer  is  an  unequivocal  “no,” 
for  as  soon  as  one  nation  makes  a large  outlay 
of  arms  and  battleships,  other  nations  immedi- 
ately do  likewise.  No  one  nation,  consequent!}", 
is  in  a stronger  position  I'elative  to  the  others 
than  it  Avas  before. 

Not  only  do  armaments  not  afford  security, 
but  they  actually  create  insecurity,  for  the  com- 
petition in  armaments  creates  an  atmosphere  of 
suspicion,  distrust  and  rival  scheming,  Avhich  is 
the  most  subtle  foe  to  peace  and  safety.  The 
possession  of  poAverful  and  increasing  military 
and  naval  forces  unquestionably  stimulates  the 
development,  both  by  their  possessors  and  by 
their  rivals,  of  policies  they  would  not  otherAV'lse 
entertain.  For  national  security  AA"e  need  more 
than  anything  else  the  good-Avill  and  mutual 
confidence  Avhich  have  long  been  undermined  by 
rival  armaments. 

More  than  this,  it  is  not  too  much  to  say 
that  the  expenditure  of  vast  sums  upon  army 
and  navy  actually  AV"eakens  the  defensive  poAver 
of  a nation,  for,  as  Mr.  Frank  Cobb  has  so 
convincingly  pointed  out  in  the  August  issue  of 
“The  Atlantic  Monthly,”  in  a day  AV’hen  Avars 
are  Avaged  not  by  armies  but  by  whole  peoples 
the  defensive  powder  of  the  nation  lies  in  its  eco- 
nomic resources.  The  real  strength  of  the  na- 
tion is  being  drained,  not  added  to,  by  an  ex- 
penditure upon  armament  AA'hich  has  constantly 
to  be  replaced.  “The  stronger  a nation  is  eco- 
nomically, the  better  prepared  it  is  to  defend 
itself ; the  Aveaker  it  is  economically,  the  less 
prepared  it  is  to  defend  itself,  even  if  ever}"  man, 
woman  and  child  is  carrying  a gun.” 

It  Avould  appear,  therefore,  that  AA"hen  the 
question  of  security  is  really  scrutinized,  a gen- 
eral reduction  of  armaments  on  the  part  of  the 
nations  AAmuld  lessen  the  safety  of  none  and  add 
to  the  vital  resources  of  all.  For  the  mainte- 
nance of  internal  order,  small  armies  will  be 
necessary,  but  no  good  purpose  is  serA^ed  by  the 
competitive  armaments  of  the  present  day. 

3.  Special  Problems  in  the  Pacific 

The  secondary  problems  are  many  and  in- 
tricate. Their  solution,  however,  is  by  no  means 


9 


impossible  if  the  primary  problem  has  been 
s'olved/'  The  following  may  be  mentioned : 

1.  China’s  Problems 

(a)  The  Shantung  Question. 

(b)  Special  “rights”  and  “concessions”  to 
many  nations. 

(c)  “Territorial  integrity”  and  “the  open 
door.  ’ ’ 

(d)  Stable  and  orderly  government. 

(e)  Financial  obligations  to  many  nations. 

2.  Japan’s  Problems 

(a)  Growing  economic  dependence  on  the  Asiatic 
mainland  for  food  and  raw  material. 

(b)  Need  for  a stable  and  orderly  government  in 
China  that  can  maintain  uninterrupted  trade 
ndth  Japan. 


Important 

The  success  of  the  Conference  for  the  Limita- 
tion of  Armament  vitally  depends  on  the  adop- 
tion by  the  Conference  of  certain  fundamental 
principles. 

A.  The  Principle  of  Open  Agreements. 

The  age  when  a few  diplomats  or  statesmen 
conferring  in  private  can  wisely  make  great 
and  fateful  decisions  for  entire  nations  has 
passed.  The  peoples  must  know  what  the  deci- 
sions of  tlieir  statesmen  are  and  the  reasons 
for  those  decisions.  This  principle  does  not 
of  course  prevent  statesmen  an'd  diplomats  from 
meeting  privately  and  considering  together 
their  great  and  difficult  tasks.  They  should  by 
all  means  establish  those  personal  relations  that 
are  so  needful  for  full  mutual  understanding. 
But  the  principle  does  preclude  secret  bargain- 
ing and  the  making  of  personal  agreements  that 
are  not  made  public,  much  less  the  reasons  for 
them. 

B.  The  Principle  of  the  Open  Door. 

This  means  equality  of  opportunity  granted 
to  all  by  all  for  trade  and  for  every  kind  of 
economic  enterprise.  It  forbids  special  dis- 
criminatory privileges  for  special  nationalities, 
established  by  military  force,  by  intrigue  or  by 
diplomacy.  This  principle  is  not  of  course  to 
be  confused  with  free  trade  nor  with  freedom 
for  mass  immigration.  These  are  domestic  ques- 
tions which  each  country  must  regulate  accord- 
ing to  its  own  needs,  problems  and  judgments. 

C.  The  Principle  of  Equality  of  Race 
Treatment. 

This  means  that  every  civilized  nation  grants 
to  all  aliens  who  come  under  its  jurisdiction. 


(c)  Growing  pojjulatioii. 

(d)  Emigration. 

(e)  Demands  of  lionor  for  the  abolition  in  the 
West  of  race  discriminatory  legislation  against 
Japanese  and  for  the  universal  adoption  of 
the  principle  of  the  equality  of  race  treat- 
ment. 

3.  America’s  Problems 

(a)  Protection  from  Asiatic  mass  immigration, 
especially  of  Asiatic  laborers. 

(b)  Security  for  Pacitic  Island  possessions,  par- 
ticularly the  Philippines  and  Hawaii. 

(c)  Equality  of  trade  opportunities  in  the  Far 
East. 

(For  a careful  discussion  of  these  important 
questions  the  student  is  referred  to  “Problems 
of  the  Pacific  and  Far  East,”  issued  by  the 
Federal  Council  of  Churches.) 

Prin  ci  pi  es 

equality  of  legal  status  and  treatment  without 
regard  to  race,  color  or  creed.  This  does  not 
carry  with  it  the  necessary  granting  of  privi- 
leges of  citizenship  to  all  vuthout  regard  to 
personal  qualifications.  Each  nation  must 
decide  for  itself  the  standards  of  qualification 
which  aliens  must  have  to  receive  the  privileges 
of  citizenship ; but  whatever  those  standards 
may  be,  they  are  to  be  applied  to  all  aliens 
without  regard  to  race.  Equality  of  race  treat- 
ment has  nothing  whatever  to  do  with  the  ques- 
tion of  the  restriction  of  immigration  or  of  the 
intermarriage  of  races. 

D.  The  Principle  of  the  Pacific  Settlement 

of  every  International  Dispute. 

This  means  that  the  nations  voluntarily 
agree  to  submit  for  settlement  b}^  the  Inter- 
national Courts  of  Justice  or  by  general  Arbi- 
tration or  Conciliation  Boards  every  difficulty 
which  they  cannot  solve  by  their  own  diplo- 
matic agents. 

E.  The  Principle  of  Mutual  Reduction  of 

Armaments. 

This  means  that  the  nations  have  the  “will 
to  peace,”  honestly  plan  to  settle  their  ^lisputes 
by  law,  reason  and  good-will  and  positively 
reject  all  purposes  to  use  force  to  invade,  in- 
jure or  intimidate  their  neighbors. 

In  the  Washington  Conference  it  wall  doubt- 
less be  found  that  wholesome  discussion  and 
agreement  on  Far  Eastern  Problems  and  poli- 
cies will  be  more  easily  secured  after  effective 
agreements  have  been  made  to  disarm  rather 
than  before. 


10 


A Christian  Solution  of  Far  Eastern  Problems 


No  phase  of  the  movement  for  reduction  of 
armaments  is  fraught  wdth  more  significance 
to  the  Christian  Church  than  the  prob- 
lems of  the  Far  East.  In  a right  solu- 
tion of  these  perplexing  and  complicated  ques- 
tions is  involved,  in  a degree  far  greater  than 
the  churches  realize,  the  whole  future  of  Chris- 
tian missions  in  Japan,  and  on  the  future  of 
Christianity  in  Japan  may 
liang  the  destiny  of  the 
other  nations  of  the  Orient 
who  will  probably  follow  in 
the  path  that  Japan  marks 
out. 

Unless  some  way  is  now 
found  for  removing  causes 
of  suspicion  and  distrust, 
so  all  competent  observers 
agree,  we  face  the  ominous 
possibility  of  war  with  Ja- 
pan. But  this  would  mean, 
as  the  heads  of  our  churches 
state  in  the  utterance  print- 
ed on  page  three  of  this 
pamphlet,  “not  only  all 
the  unspeakable  evils  of 
every  war,  but  also  the 
death  knell  of  the  great  en- 
terprise of  Christian  mis- 
sions, which  through  years  of  patient  and  un- 
selfish service  have  been  breaking  down  barriers 
between  race  and  race,  and  ministering  to  in- 
ternational brotherhood.” 

A clear  cut  policy  must  be  formulated  which 
will  both  protect  Cliina  from  exploitation  at 
the  hands  of  the  great  powers  and  reach  a, 
friendly  understanding  with  Japan.  This  can 
only  be  done  by  a policy  of  disinterestedness 
and  real  friendship  on  the  part  of  America  for 
both  these  great  peoples  of  the  East. 

1.  Let  America  and  Japan  uromptly  ratify 
such  international  agreements  as  may  be 
reached  by  the  Conference,  and  then  take  great 
care  through  the  successive  years  that  their 
respective  naval  programs  are  so  distinctly  be- 
low the  limits  allowed  by  the  agreements  as  to 
render  absurd  any  charges  of  excess. 

2.  Let  them  declare  to  each  other  and  to  the 
world  that  they  have  no  plans  whatever  for 
war.  This  single  step  carried  out  would  remove 


at  once  mutual  suspicions  and  fears,  and  break 
the  vicious  circle  and  make  possible  fruitful 
negotiations  about  every  other  thorny  question. 

3.  Let  America  and  Japan  promptly  negoti- 
ate and  ratify  a treaty  to  submit  to  arbitra- 
tion every  question  whatsoever  which  they  can- 
not promptly  solve  by  their  common  diplomatic 
procedures.  This  would  go  still  further  in  re- 
moving fears  and  rumors  of 
war  and  in  promoting  mutu- 
al confidence  and  good-will. 

4.  Let  America  look  to 
Japanese  liberalism  to  over- 
throw her  entrenched  mili- 
tarism. If  militarism  in  Ja- 
pan can  be  shown  to  have 
no  real  grounds  for  ex- 
istence, if  the  people  of  Ja- 
pan learn  that  they  have  no 
cause  whatever  for  fear  of 
attack  or  humiliation  by 
the  nations  of  Europe  and 
America,  Japanese  milita- 
rism cannot  long  continue. 

5.  Let  America  take  im- 
mediate steps  to  secure 
agreements  with  England, 
France,  Japan  and  other 
interested  countries  for  a 

common  policy  of  friendship  and  good-will  in 
dealing  with  China.  It  is  a proposal  that  China 
shall  no  longer  be  regarded  by  any  countrv  as  a 
happy  hunting  ground  for  special  economic  and 
territorial  rights,  that  China’s  birthrights  shall 
no  longer  be  sold  to  any  foreign  government, 
banking  corporation  or  special  interests. 

6.  China  must,  of  course,  be  left  to  develop, 
with  our  unselfish  cooperation,  her  own  govern- 
mental system  and  establish  her  own  institu- 
tions. When  she  has  done  this  she  wdll  be  able 
herself  to  resist  outside  encroachments. 

7.  The  nations  might  well  also  make  interna- 
tional agreements  that  mass  emigration  from 
one  country  into  another  will  not  be  asked  or 
permitted,  except  in  the  case  of  those  coun- 
tries that  specifically  desire  and  arrange  for  it. 
But  the  nations  should  also  mutually  agree  to 
grant  economic  and  political  equahty  of  race 
treatment  for  all  residing  under  their  respective 
jurisdictions. 


“President  Harding  has 
been  inspired  by  God  to  call 
this  Conference  and  it  be- 
hooves mankind  * * * to 
accomplish  things  for  the 
high  and  lasting  benefit  of 
humanity.  * * If  the 

Conference  fails  I believe  it 
means  that  mankind  must 
further  suffer.” 

— Premier  Hara,  shortly 
before  his  assassination. 


11 


Factors  Essential  to  Success 


1.  Imagination  and  Faith 

Members  of  the  Conference  need  to  think  out 
and  think  through,  new  methods  for  relating 
the  nations  so  that  they  may  live  together  in 
intimate;  mutuall}^  helpful  cooperation.  This 
will  need  a high  order  of  creative  imagination. 
Faith  also  is  needed  the  faith  of  delegates  and 
of  nations  in  each  other,  in  an  Eternal  Purpose 
of  righteousness  at  the  heart  of  the  universe, 
and  hence,  in  the  practicability  of  ideals.  Faith 
begets  faith  even  as  suspicion  begets  suspicion. 

2.  Frankness  and  Sincerity 

The  representatives  of  each  Government 
should  state  clearly  and  fully  and  publicly  what 
the  international  policies  and  programs  are  of 
their  respective  Governments. 

3.  International  Good-will 

The  representatives  of  each  Government  need 
to  convince  those  of  the  other  Governments  that 
they  and  their  Government  have  no  selfish  am- 
bition or  private  purpose  that  endangers  the 
existence,  the  honor,  the  rights  or  the- prosperity 
of  other  nations,  and  that  the  privileges  and 
rights  which  they  seek  for  their  own  people  are 
compatible  with  the  interests  and  rights  and 
welfare  of  all. 

4.  Agreements  and  Commitments 

Each  Government,  through  its  delegates, 
should  be  prepared  to  enter  upon  effective  agree- 


ments to  cooperate  in  maintaining  each  other’s 
security  and  in  promoting  the  impartial  ad- 
ministration of  international  justice.  Govern- 
ments have  and  should  accept  their  international 
obligations  as  faithfully  as  they  seek  their  in- 
ternational rights  and  privileges. 

5.  Effective  International  Agencies 

The  concrete  expression  of  the  principles 
stated  above  is  the  creation  of  a permanent 
Society  of  Nations,  a World  Court  of  Justice, 
and  Boards  of  Arbitration  and  Conciliation. 
In  this  modern  world  these  agencies  seem  ab- 
solutely necessary  for  the  development  of  inter- 
national law,  for  the  administration  of  inter- 
national justice,  for  the  rational  and  pacific 
settlement  of  disputes  that  do  not  clearly  come 
under  treaties  or  explicit  laws,  and  for  the 
effective  maintenance  of  peace. 

6.  Moral  Vision 

Above  all  things  else,  this  Conference  calls — 
let  us  deure  to  say  it — for  vision,  for  moral  and 
spiritual  idealism.  It  needs  to  be  led  by  what 
Christians  call  the  Spirit  of  God,  to  have  what 
the  followers  of  Jesus  term  the  mind  of  Christ. 
Whatever  be  the  forms  of  faith  of  its  members. 
It  calls  for  spirituad  devotion  to  those  ideals 
of  humanity  which  all  nations  at  their  best, 
share  with  each  other.  For  our  own  repre- 
sentatives, let  us  pray  without  ceasing,  that 
God  may  guide  them  with  His  own  hand. 


Dangers  to  Be  Guarded  Against 


1.  Excessive  Expectations.  We  must  not  ex- 
pect too  much  of  the  Washington  Conference. 
It  will  not  and  it  cannot  bring  in  the  millen- 
nium nor  establish  the  Golden  Age  at  a single 
step.  All  that  we  have  a right  reasonably  to 
expect  this  Conference  to  do  is  to  make  a real 
and  substantial  beginning  in  stopping  the  sys- 
tem of  competitive  armaments. 

2.  A Cynical  Attitude.  Some  are  inclined  to 
expect  nothing.  They  take  a critical  or  cynical 
or  even  hostile  attitude. 

3.  Insufficient  Expectations.  The  Confer- 
ence can  go  no  further  in  making  international 
agreements  than  the  people  as  a whole  will  sup- 
port and  even  enthusiastically  demand.  The 
American  delegates  might  conceivably  desire 
to  make  commitments  for  the  American  people 
which  might  be  intrinsically  wise,  but  which 
would  be  manifestly  impracticable  unless  the 


people  were  earnestly  supporting  them.  “Ask 
and  it  shall  be  given  you,”  applies  to  peoples 
no  less  than  to  individuals. 

In  brief,  we  must  not  expect  too  much,  nor 
yet  too  little.  We  must  not  demand  the  im- 
possible, but  we  must  clearly  demand  all  that 
is  possible.  We  must  understand  that  real  re- 
duction of  armament  requires  national  appre- 
ciation of  the  problems  and  needs  of  other  na- 
tions. It  will  also  require  a new  spirit  in  Con- 
gress in  regard  to  all  laws  that  affect  other 
nations,  such  as  those  dealing  Avlth  tariffs,  with 
immigration,  with  foreign  debts,  with  naval 
bases  in  the  Pacific,  with  the  Panama  Canal  toll 
question,  with  observance  of  treaty  obligations. 
We  cannot  as  a nation  ignore  or  quibble  about 
treaties  and  pass  laws  that  injure  or  humiliate 
foreign  nations,  and  at  the  same  time  expect 
reduction  of  armaments. 


12 


The  Distinctive  Contribution  of  the  Church  in 
Establishing  a Warless  World 


Is  there  indeed  any  distinctive  contribution 
which  the  Church  can  and  should  make  to'  the 
success  of  the  Conference?  Has  the  Church 
any  essential  part  in  establishing  a warless 
world? 

Chemists  and  physicists  declare  that  future 
wars  will  be  ever  more  dreadful  and  costh^ 
more  tragic  and  destructive.  Economists  de- 
clare that  bankruptcy  lies  ahead  of  the  nation 
and  of  the  world  if  the  present  war-system  is 
continued.  Sociologists  declare  that  unemplo}'- 
ment  will  increase,  that  misery  will  grow,  that 
civilization  itself  will  decay  and  finally  collapse 
if  the  mad  race  for  armaments  between  great 
nations  is  indefinitely  continued.  Biologists 
declare  that  the  human  breed  will  degenerate 
in  proportion  as  Ave  send  our  best  and  fittest 
young  life  to  the  shambles  for  Avholesale 
slaughter. 

These  positive  and  important  declarations 
by  unquestionable  authorities  convince  us  that 
ways  must  be  found  for  preventing  future  wars. 
Each  group  of  scientists  makes  his  distinctive 
contribution.  That  contribution,  hoAvever,  we 
should  note  is  negative — Thou  shalt  not.  They 
do  not  go  far  in  pointing  the  Avay  nor  in  making 
it  a reality. 

Jurists,  statesmen  and  legislators,  hoAvever, 
come  forward.  They  also  make  their  distinctive 
contributions.  They  insist  that  world  peace 
can  come  betAveen  the  nations,  only  as  it  has 
measurably  come  betAveen  individuals,  by  the 
organized  action  of  those  aa^Iao  are  peace-loving 
and  laAv-abiding.  For  AA’orld-peace,  nations 
must  unite  to  establish  international  law,  courts 
of  justice  and  boards  of  arbitration;  and  these 
must  be  supported  by  the  moral  sanctions  and 
enforced  by  the  united  poAA-er  of  the  co-operat- 
ing nations.  These  authoritative  spokesmen 
have  already  devised  the  social  and  political 
machinery.  They  are  saying  to  the  nations : 
“This  is  the  Ava}',  walk  ye  in  it.” 

Does  the  Church  have  a distinctive  contribu- 
tion to  make?  Has  it  any  word  as  Important 


and  as  authoritative  as  that  of  the  groups  just 
mentioned? 

Most  assuredly  it  has.  It  declares  on  the 
highest  authority  that  men  of  every  nation  and 
race  are  brothers,  children  of  the  HeaA^enly 
Father ; that  above  all  nations  is  humanity ; 
that  men  and  peoples  of  every  land  and  race 
liaA’e  inalienable  rights;  that  justice,  fair  treat- 
ment and  good-Avill  betAveen  peoples  and  races 
are  inescapable  obligations.  Immutable  moral 
laws  ordained  of  God ; that  their  Auolation  is  sin 
and  brings  terrible  disaster  and  if  persisted  in, 
final  destruction. 

In  the  Message  of  the  Church,  it  is  not 
man’s  voice  that  speaks  but  God’s. 

“Ye  have  heard  that  it  was  said  Thou  shalt 
love  they  neighbor  and  hate  thine  eneni}'.  But 
I say  unto  you.  Love  your  enemies  and  pray 
for  them  that  persecute  you.” 

“Be  not  overcome  of  evil,  but  overcome  evil 
Avlth  good.” 

“What  doth  Jehovah  require  of  thee  but  to 
do  justly,  and  to  loA'e  kindness,  and  to  walk 
humbly  Avith  thy  God?” 

Such  are  God’s  commands. 

But  the  Church  has  more  than  a Message ; 
more  even  than  God’s  commands.  In  addition 
to  the  Avord  of  authority  addressed  to  the  mind, 
the  Church  brings  its  OAvn  unique  gift  of  the 
spirit  to  change  the  hearts  and  the  wills  of  men. 
It  not  onl}’  gives  the  command — Thou  shalt, 
but  it  adds  the  Avord — Thou  canst.  It  trans- 
mits the  Spirit  of  Christ — a miracle  occurs  ; — 
hate,  fear,  suspicion,  greed,  selfishness  vanish, 
and  the  spirit  of  brotherhood,  justice,  good- 
AA'ill,  service,  take  their  place  in  the  hearts  of 
those  AA'ho  become  Christian — aaLo  become  true 
folloAA'ers  and  disciples  of  Jesus. 

It  has  become  clear  that  no  merely  intel- 
lectual message  hoAA’ever  cogent,  no  appeal  to 
the  “enlightened  self-interest  of  mankind”  can 
establish  a Avarless  AA’orld.  Men’s  hearts  must 
be  changed.  There  must  come  into  the  life  of 
millions  of  men  the  spirit  of  good-will,  of  fair 


13 


play,  of  justice.  Deeds  of  good-will  and  service 
can  alone  disarm  suspicion  and  fear.  Spiritual 
disarmament  must  precede  physical  disarma- 
ment. Not  until  nations  stop  hating  and  fear- 
ing and  suspecting  each  other,  not  until  they 
develop  confidence  in  each  other’s  good  inten- 
tions can  we  expect  any  very  sweeping  reduc- 
tion of  armaments.  “A  sound  and  wide  view 
of  national  interests,”  says  Lord  Bryce ; “teach- 
ing peoples  that  they  would  gain  more  by  co- 
operation of  communities  than  by  conflict,  may 
do  much  to  better  those  relations.  But  in  the 
last  resort  the  question  is  one  of  moral  progress 
of  the  individual  men  who  compose  the  com- 
munities.” 

The  unique  message  and  work  of  the  Church 
then  is  to  insist  that  our  people  shall  possess 
the  right  spirit;  that  we  shall  have  a spirit  free 
from  greed,  prejudice  and  arrogance;  that  ours 
may  be  a spirit  of  brotherliness  and  good-will 
and  ^sincerity,  a spirit  of  unselfish  service  and 


comradeship  in  the  great  venture  of  interna- 
tional and  inter-racial  life. 

Mankind  has  come  to  another  crossroads  in 
its  fateful  histor}^  To  the  left,  controlled  by 
the  spirit  of  pride,  arrogance,  selfishness,  greed 
and  ambition  lies  the  road  to  conflicts,  to  arma- 
ments, to  wars,  to  destruction. 

To  the  right,  controlled  by  the  spirit  of 
good-will,  of  justice,  of  truthfulness,  of  co- 
operation, lies  the  road  to  harmony,  to  dis- 
armament, to  social  welfare,  to  peace. 

The  Church  holds  in  its  hands  the  keys  of  life 
and  death.  Its  work  is  to  create  in  men  and 
in  nations  2uid  races  that  spirit  of  justice,  of 
brotherliness,  of  unselfish  service,  of  co-opera- 
tion. This  is  the  way  of  life  for  men  2md  for 
nations,  and  the  only  way.  This  spirit  must 
dominate  our  nation  if  the  Conference  is  to 
reach  any  large  degree  of  success.  To  secure 
this  is  the  distinctive  contribution  of  the 
Church. 


Some  Searching  Questions 


In  our  efforts  for  a warless  world,  it  is  not 
enough,  as  we  have  now  seen,  to  call  attention 
merely  to  the  economic  damage  of  war,  to  the 
staggering  burdens  of  debt  and  taxation,  to 
race  degeneration  or  even  to  the  ominous  moral 
disaster  evident  in  renewed  animosities,  bitter 
rivalries  and  burning  desires  for  revenge. 

Behind  and  below  all  these  lies  the  fact  of 
sin ; terrible,  national  sin.  The  nations  and  the 
peoples  have  long  been  transgressing  God’s  im- 
mutable, moral  laws.  The  question  before  the 
nations  is  not  merely  one  of  more  or  less  arma- 
ments. It  is  at  bottom  a question  of  obedience 
or  disobedience  to  the  eternal  laws  that  men 
should  love  one  another  and  should  bear  one 
another’s  burdens. 

There  has  been  sin,  deep,  black  and  revolt- 
ing. There  must  also  be  repentance  and  re- 
generation, deep,  genuine  and  permanent.  Un- 
less the  nations  gather  at  the  Conference  with 
repentant  hearts  and  changed  wills,  that  Con- 
ference will  make  shipwreck  on  the  rocks  and 
reefs  of  national  selfishness  and  its  accompany- 
ing diplomacy. 

Nations,  like  individuals,  are  prone  to  see  the 
motes  in  the  eyes  of  others  and  to  ignore  the 
beams  in  their  own  eyes.  This  is  a temptation 
to  which  America  especially  is  exposed.  Yet 
we  have  the  Lord’s  word  for  calling  such  an 


attitude  hypocrisy.  As  Americans  we  need 
j)rimarily  to  inquire  about  our  own  spirit,  our 
own  conduct. 

Have  we  loved  our  enemies.'’  Have  we  been 
really  friendly  to  our  neighbors,  to  Mexico  on 
the  south,  and  to  Ja])an,  that  rising  Oriental 
power  across  the  Pacific.?  Or  have  we  had  our 
eyes  fixed  chiefly  on  their  misdeeds  and  our  con- 
sequent losses.?  How  much  heed  have  we  paid 
to  our  deeds  and  their  losses.?  And  how  about 
our  spirit  in  dealing  with  them.?  Our  patri- 
otism, moreover,  is  it  narrowly  nationalistic.? 
Does  our  sense  of  human  brotherhood  demand 
for  men  of  other  nations  and  races  the  same 
rights  and  privileges  which  we  desire  for  our- 
selves.? 

These  are  serious  and  sobering  questions. 
They  are  questions  that  our  pastors  should 
press  home  on  the  consciences  of  our  people. 
Should  not  our  churches  announce  in  clarion 
tones  the  call  to  repentance  from,  our  own  sins 
and  forgiveness  of  those  who  have  sinned  against 
us.? 

And  is  it  not  true  that  we  have  sinned  not 
merely  as  a nation,  but  also  as  a Church.  Has 
the  Church  not  left  undone  things  that  it  ought 
to  have  done — in  the  teaching  of  brotherliness, 
good-will  and  helpfulness.?  Have  we  steadily 
cultivated  the  spirit  of  Christ  in  our  thought 


14 


of  Germans  and  Russians  and  Japanese — 
during  recent  years?  Are  the  Churches  of 
America  even  now  doing  all  that  they  should 
be  doing  for  abolishing  war  and  in  combatting 
and  destroying  those  teachings  and  that  spirit 
that  create  armament  and  induce  war? 

Does  the  Church  of  today,  like  the  apostolic 
Church,  through  the  power  of  the  Spirit,  rise 


above  barriers  of  race  and  nation?  Can  the 
modern  church  really  fulfill  its  function  in  the 
world  and  make  its  true  and  distinctive  and 
absolutely  essential  contribution  to  the  estab- 
lishment of  a warless  world,  unless  and  until  it 
does  beget  among  its  millions  of  members  the 
mind  and  the  heart  of  Christ  in  their  relations 
with  other  peoples  and  otlier  races? 


The  Practical  Conclusion 


'"Be  ye  doers  of  the  word  and  not  hearers  only,  deluding  your  own  selves.  ” 

"Faith  apart’ from  works  is  dead.  ” 

"Be  not  overcome  of  evil  but  overcome  evil  with  good.  ” 

"Not  everyone  that  saith  unto  me.  Lord,  Lord,  shall  enter  into  the  Kingdom  of 
Heaven,  but  He  that  Doeth  the  Will  of  my  Father  who  is  in  Heaven." 


HELPFUL  LITERATURE 


Working  Toward  a Warless  World.  Single 
copies,  15  cents;  10  or  over,  7 cents;  100 
or  over,  5 cents. 

Problems  of  the  Pacific  and  Far  East. 
Single  copies,  25  cents;  10  or  over,  15 
cents. 

Study  Course  Outlines.  Single  copies, 
5 cents  each;  10  or  over,  2 cents  each. 


SPECIAL  PACKAGE  OF 
PAMPHLETS  (25  CENTS) 

Working  Toward  a Warless  World. 

The  Next  War,  by  Will  Irwin — 4-page 
leaflet. 

Shall  We  End  War?  by  Harry  Emerson 
Fosdick — 16  pp. 

The  Staggering  Burden  of  Armament,  by 
Edward  Cummings. 

On  the  Trail  of  the  Truth  About  Japan,  by 

William  Axling. 

Order  from  the  Federal  Council,  105 
East  22nd  Street,  New  York  City. 


L On  the  Necessity  for  Reducing  Armaments 

The  Next  War,  by  Will  Irwin,  161  pages,  special 
price,  if  ordered  by  pastors  from  the  Federal 
Council,  $0.85,  including  postage. 

Now  It  Can  he  Told,  by  Philip  Gibbs,  400  pp., 
$3.50,  Houghton  Mifflin  Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  Fruits  of  Victory,  by  Norman  Angel,  335 
pp.,  $3.00,  The  Century  Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  Folly  of  Nations,  by  Frederick  Palmer, 
405  pp.,  $2.00,  Dodd,  Mead  & Co.,  N.  Y. 

The  A B Cs  of  Bisannament,  by  Arthur 
Bullard,  122  pp.,  $1.25,  Macmillan  Co.,  N.  Y. 


II.  On  the  Pacific  eind  Far  Eastern  Problems 

A.  By  Japanese. 

Japan  and  AVorld  Peace,  by  K.  K.  Kawa- 
kami,  196  pp.,  $1.75.  Macmillan  Co., 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

What  Japan  Thinks,  by  K.  K.  Kawakami, 
237  pp.,  $2.00,  Macmillan  Co.,  N.  Y. 

AVhat  Japan  AA'ants,  by  Y.  S.  Kuno,  154  pp., 
$1.00,  Tbos.  Y.  Crowell  Co.,  N.  Y.  City. 

Japan  and  the  California  Question,  by  T. 
lyenaga,  250  pp.,  $2.50.  Putnam’s  Sons, 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

California  and  the  Japanese,  by  K.  Kanzaki, 
99  pp.,  $0.50,  Japanese  Association,  444 
Bush  Street,  San  Francisco. 

B.  By  Americans. 

China,  Captive  cr  Free,  by  Gilbert  Reid, 
310  pp.,  $3.00,  Dodd,  Mead  & Co.,  N.  Y. 

AA'hat  Shall  I Think  of  Japan,  by  George 
Gleason,  285  pp.,  $2.25.  Macmillan  Co., 
New  York,  N.  Y. 

Japan  and  the  Far  East  Conference,  by 
Henry  W.  Taft,  95  pp.,  $1.00,  Macmillan 
Co.,  N.  Y. 

Must  AA’e  Fight  Japan?  by  W.  B.  Pitkin, 
536  pp.,  $2.50,  Century  Co.,  N.  Y. 

America’s  Stake  in  the  Far  East,  by  Chas. 
H.  Fabs,  165  pp.,  $1.35  (cloth),  $0.95 
(paper).  Association  Press,  N.  Y. 

The  New  Map  of  Asia,  by  H,  A.  Gibbons, 
525  pp.,  $3.00,  Century  Co.,  N.  Y.  City. 

American  Japanese  Relations,  by  Sidney  L. 
Gulick,  30  pp.,  $0.25,  Federal  Council. 

III.  Lcmtern  Slides  and  Exhibit  Cards 

Information  about  a series  of  lantern  slides  that 
may  be  used  in  illustrating  discussions  on  the 
reduction  of  armaments  may  be  secured  from 
J.  A.  Rawson,  18  East  3 7th  Street,  New  York. 

Twenty-two  Color  Exhibit  Cards  (9"  x 12"), 
illustrating  “Facts  on  Disarmament”  may 
be  ordered  from  Disarmament  Education 
Com.,  629  G St.,  N.  W.,  Washington,  D.  C. 
Price,  $1.00,  including  postage. 


15 


What  Can  YOU  Do  to  He^  in  the  Reduction 
of  Armaments  ? 

1.  Accef)t  your  personal  res;()onsihihty  in  helping  your 
church  and  your  community  to  believe  m the  practica- 
bility of  a warless  world. 

2.  Help  circulate  “Working  toward  a Warless  World,”  and 
other  relevant  literature. 

3.  Master  and  remember  the  facts,  figures  and  policies  given 
in  this  pamphlet  under  “Startling  Statistics,”  “Problems 
before  the  Conference,”  “Important  Principles,”  and 
“The  Far  Eastern  Problem.” 

4.  Write  individual  letters  to  your  two  Senators  and  to  your 
Representative  m the  House.  These  are  the  men  who 
will  make  the  decisions  of  the  Conference  effective  in 
America.  Remember  that  resolutions  passed  in  mass 
meetings  or  signed  by  hundreds  or  even  thousands  of 
names,  though  valuable,  do  not  begin  to  have  the  influ- 
ence with  legislators  that  individual  letters  have  which 
show  intelligent  knowledge,  deep  interest  and  personal 
conviction. 

5.  Take  the  initiative  in  starting  a study  group  in  your 
church,  using  the  outlines  of  courses  based  on  “Working 
toward  a Warless  World,”  and  “Problems  of  the  Pacific 
and  the  Far  East.” 

6.  Talk  in  your  home  and  with  friends  about  the  Conference, 
being  equipped  for  such  conversation  by  the  information 
given  in  this  and  other  pamphlets  dealing  with  the  neces- 
sity for  an  immediate  reduction  of  armaments  and  a new 
world-order  whose  purpose  is  peace. 

7.  Write  short  letters  of  not  more  than  300-400  words  to 
your  local  newspapers.  Editors  as  a rule  are  glad  to  know 
what  their  readers  are  interested  in. 

8.  Let  Church  groups,  women’s  clubs,  or  other  organizations 
ash  the  managers  of  local  motion  picture  houses  to  pre- 
pare and  use  each  afternoon  and  evening,  five  or  six  slides 
presenting  statistics  and  brief  quotations  on  the  question 
of  the  reduction  of  armaments. 

9.  Throughout  the  period  of  the  Conference  maintain  con- 
tinued attention  to  its  proceedings  and  continued  study 
of  international  problems  and  policies. 


Price,  15  Cents  per  Single  Copy. 
100  Copies,  $5.00. 

1.000  Copies,  $30.00. 


SELECT  I’RINTINC  COMPANY,  NEW  YOEK 


